Various Woolpit brickworks c1886
The Woolpit to Elmswell Railway

Also known as the Tramway

Four Woolpit Brickworks

Four brickmaking sites are known in Woolpit:

  1. Kiln Farm Brick Kilns, operative from 1819 to 1948;
  2. a brickworks known variously as New Kiln or Crossways Brickworks/Brickyard, records for which show use between 1783 and 1939;
  3. a brickworks at Kiln Lane in use between 1844 and 1916;
  4. Old Kiln, Kiln Lane, first recorded in 1573 and in use until at least 1892.

Brickworks at Woolpit cover centuries and several locations

The oldest brickworks was first recorded in 1573, and remained in use possibly into the 20th century. It may well have changed locations over the years as the clay became exhausted in any one place. The 1886 map shows a number of old clay pits, and scattered kiln remains.

Some older kilns may have had a small revival when the narrow gauge tramway from Kiln Farm works passed close enough to give easy access to the GER at Elmswell after 1898. This tramway was probably run using horse drawn waggons.

By 1902 a new railway of standard gauge replaced the tramway and improved access further. Steam powered locomotives of standard gauge could now be employed on the new wider tracks.


Woolpit's Brickworks by 1904 showing 1902 railway link
The second map shows the Woolpit scene by 1904, when the rail link to Elmswell station had been established. A railway line from Ipswich to Bury St Edmunds had existed since 1846 and a station was built on this line at Elmswell.

By 1898 a tramway from Elmswell to Woolpit Brickworks was well under way, supported by the Great Eastern Railway Board.

Before this time the transportation of these bricks would presumably have meant an initial journey of 1.25 miles by horse and cart to the Great Eastern Railway station at Elmswell.

The Elmswell History Group website says:-
"In 1898 an agreement was drawn up whereby George BORLEY, an Elmswell farmer, granted C.D. Lavington Esq the free right to lay and construct on his land a narrow gauge tramway on a 14 years lease from 24th June 1897. This tramway was 1.25 miles in length. Leaving the brickworks in a northerly direction, it followed the course of a footpath and a lane for much of its route, crossing a stream and forming four level crossings with public roads en route. It terminated alongside a standard gauge siding at Elmswell Station, where a narrow gauge siding enabled shunting to take place.

On 9th November 1899, Mr C D Lavington sold property in Woolpit to the now retitled Woolpit Brick Co Ltd, and it is likely that this sale was in anticipation of the replacement of the tramway by a standard gauge line, as the transhipment of goods must have been a time consuming and costly operation.

The construction of the standard gauge railway began in 1900 on a more direct route to that previously taken by the narrow gauge line. The new standard gauge railway took about two years to construct, using employees from the brickworks. The standard gauge railway opened to traffic in December 1902."

The rail link to Elmswell seems to have finished by 1915 when plant was sold off and the line was lifted in 1916.



The Elmswell end of the Brickworks railway by 1904
Although this map marks the rail link as a Tramway, by 1904 this was a standard gauge rail line, making it possible to link directly to the Great Eastern railway network at Elmswell station.

Modern map overlaid on !904 map
The area today

Woolpit and Elmswell were once easily accessible to each other by footpaths across the fields. This illustration shows how the dual carriageway A14 trunk road divides the two communities today.

The location of the now defunct brickworks can just be seen showing where they are compared to the modern scene.

All the coloured elements are present day features.


This loco called Haro-Haro ran on the brickworks railway
Locomotive Haro-Haro was one of two locos in use on the Woolpit Brick and Tile Co railway link from their brickworks duing the period from 1902 to 1915. This picture comes from the Elmswell History website and the Woolpit Museum.

Loads of bricks went out from Woolpit and loads of coal were brought in from Elmswell railway station.

Quoting again from the excellent Elmswell History Group website:-

"The Woolpit Brick & Tile Co. bought this Sharp Stewart 2-4-0 tank engine, Haro Haro, to add to the 0-6-0 saddle tank engine which they already ran on the standard gauge line into the sidings at Elmswell. Haro Haro had previously seen service both on the Jersey Railway and on the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal."


This article was compiled by David Addy based upon material from the Elmswell History Group and "The British Brick Society" .

“The Woolpit Brickworks Railway” (and its spur line to Elmswell Station), by Chris Fisher Extracts from an article in Industrial Railway Record 169 (published in June 2002 by the Industrial Railway Society, ISSN 0537-5347).
From the Elmswell History Group website Elmswell railway
British Brick Society newsletter "Information No 26, April 2014,
Website - David Kitching's website - Brick Section
Website - Martyn Fretwell's blog on bricks etc
Photos of bricks by Martyn Fretwell courtesy of Museum of East Anglian Life.

Page created on 16th December, 2023


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